Nuôi cá bông lau giống tự nhiên

Anh Nguyễn Tâm Đăng (32 tuổi, ở xã Phú Tân, H.Tân Phú Đông, Tiền Giang) là người đầu tiên thành công trong việc nuôi cá bông lau bằng nguồn giống tự nhiên với quy mô lớn.

Duyên nợ với cá bông lau

Anh Đăng sinh ra và lớn lên tại vùng đất ven biển Tiền Giang – nơi có nhiều loài cá da trơn đặc trưng của vùng ĐBSCL. Vậy mà năm 2007, anh phải bỏ ra hơn 800.000 đồng mua con cá bông lau nặng 7 kg đãi bạn bè. Anh Đăng nói rằng chính việc này đã làm anh suy nghĩ tại sao loài cá có giá trị kinh tế cao như vậy mà chưa ai đầu tư nuôi, trong khi nguồn con giống đã có sẵn ngoài tự nhiên. Suy nghĩ đó đã thôi thúc anh bỏ ngang chuyện học ngành cơ khí (Trường ĐH Bách khoa TP.HCM), về quê lao vào nghiên cứu con giống, xây dựng mô hình nuôi cá bông lau.

Qua tìm hiểu nhiều tài liệu, anh được biết các loài cá da trơn như cá bông lau, cá dứa, cá tra bần… có giá cao, nhiều người ưa chuộng nhưng ngày càng hiếm ngoài tự nhiên. Đến nay, các công trình nghiên cứu cũng như mô hình lai tạo con giống, thuần dưỡng các loại cá này chưa nhiều. Anh Đăng kể do hiểu biết còn hạn chế nên trong lần mua cá giống đầu tiên, anh bị lừa mua nhầm giống khác. Thất bại nhưng không nản, cứ tới mùa anh lần theo ghe đánh bắt ngoài cửa sông để tìm mua nguồn cá giống tự nhiên. Tuy nhiên, dù anh đã làm mọi cách nhưng cá đưa lên khỏi sông chưa bao lâu thì bị chết hàng loạt. Số còn lại anh đem về, chăm sóc với chế độ đặc biệt trong ao đất vẫn không sống được. “Trải qua nhiều lần thất bại, tôi đã tích lũy thêm kinh nghiệm nuôi cá giống, nhờ đó tỷ lệ cá chết mới giảm dần”, anh Đăng chia sẻ.

Thuần dưỡng thành công

Đến vụ nuôi năm 2010 – 2011, anh Đăng đã thuần dưỡng khoảng 100.000 con giống cá bông lau, cá dứa, cá tra bần. Sau khi chọn ra nguồn giống khỏe, anh thuê luôn 10 ha đất ở xã Phú Tân thả nuôi thử nghiệm khoảng 23.000 con giống. Thạc sĩ Huỳnh Hữu Ngãi, cán bộ nghiên cứu thuộc Trung tâm quốc gia giống thủy sản nước ngọt Nam bộ (Viện Nghiên cứu nuôi trồng thủy sản 2), cho biết: “Để đảm bảo khả năng sống và phát triển, ngay cả đàn cá bông lau bố mẹ và cá hậu bị của trung tâm cũng phải được thuần dưỡng trong bè nuôi ở khu vực nước sạch có dòng chảy”. Vậy mà với kỹ thuật của mình, sau khoảng 12 tháng nuôi bằng thức ăn công nghiệp, đàn cá nuôi thử nghiệm trong ao nước tĩnh của anh Đăng đã đạt trọng lượng 1 – 1,2 kg/con. Kết thúc vụ nuôi này, anh thu hoạch được khoảng 20 tấn cá thương phẩm. Đầu vụ nuôi 2012 – 2013, anh Đăng tiếp tục thả nuôi hơn 31.000 con giống cũng từ nguồn khai thác tự nhiên, hiện cá đạt trọng lượng bình quân 1 kg/con. Anh cũng đang chuẩn bị khoảng 500.000 con giống cá da trơn cho vụ nuôi 2013 – 2014 để đủ cung ứng cho các đơn đặt hàng.

Cá bông lau
Thu hoạch cá da trơn giống tự nhiên

Với kinh nghiệm có được trong thời gian qua, anh Đăng chia sẻ cách nhận diện các loại cá da trơn quý hiếm: “Cá bông lau và cá dứa hầu như không thể phân biệt được ở giai đoạn cá giống. Nhìn chung, 2 loại cá này có sống lưng ánh lên màu xanh nhạt, đuôi vàng, viền đuôi hơi tím; trong khi đó, lưng, vây và đuôi cá tra bần đều màu vàng…”. Từ các đặc điểm trên, anh Đăng phân tích: “Cá tra bần chiếm khoảng 10% nguồn cá giống đánh bắt từ tự nhiên. Loại này dễ thuần dưỡng hơn cá bông lau, cá dứa. Do vậy, trong ao nuôi hoàn toàn có thể lẫn lộn cả 3 loại cá trên”.

Dù đem con giống ở sông về nuôi trong ao nhưng anh Đăng muốn các loại cá này có chất lượng thịt gần giống với cá lớn lên trong tự nhiên. “Để đạt được điều đó, mô hình nuôi tối thiểu phải là bán thiên nhiên trên diện tích rộng, nguồn nước cần thay đổi thường xuyên và quan trọng nhất là trong quá trình nuôi không được sử dụng thuốc, chất hóa học”, anh Đăng nói.

Theo An Hòa, Thanh Niên Online

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